Saturday 15 February 2014

Tale of poor cabbie’s son moves principal to action

Charls Bryan Katipunan was, like any other star student in high school, quiet, diligent, smart.
Classmates enjoyed his company in study groups; teachers had nothing to complain about his grades.
But unknown to most of them, every day in school had been a struggle for the 16-year-old son of a taxi driver.

In March, Katipunan graduated valedictorian of Batasan Hills National High School in a working-class section of Quezon City.

Addressing 3,000 graduates, he told a familiar tale of a bright student straining to meet the demands of school against the constraints of poverty.

In a matter-of-fact, self-deprecatory tone, he talked about how he often spent the little money he had for class projects and homework instead of lunch.

He described how hard it was to study in the cramped garage where he, his parents and seven siblings lived.
“He made us all cry,” recalled Diego Amid, the principal of Batasan Hills High, the second-most populated secondary school in the country with 13,000 students.

Amid said it was not until a few weeks before graduation the teachers learned of Katipunan’s plight.

“We were shocked because he was doing so well in school. We never thought that the money he was spending for printouts was supposed to be his money for food,” Amid said in an interview.

The principal visibly fought back tears as he recalled Katipunan’s speech. “He was not saying it in an emotional way. He was saying it intelligently. But it was so touching,” he said.

Amid said the boy’s story so moved him that at a recent meeting, he urged teachers to be “vigilant” in looking out for cases like Katipunan’s and to provide some form of assistance if needed.

He said he hoped to launch an “adopt a school child” project to identify and provide assistance to those in need.

Most students in Batasan Hills come from low-income families in the densely populated neighborhood.
The tall, slightly built Katipunan said it was not his intention to make others pity him, much less, cry for him when he wrote and delivered his valedictory address, which was in English.

‘Never give up’
 
“I was only telling the story of my life, my struggles. It was only an introduction to what I wanted to say about what we, the graduates, should do to achieve success, which is to never give up, and to be patient,” he told the Inquirer.

Born on March 4, 1997, Katipunan is the third of the eight children of Charlie Katipunan, a cab driver, and his stay-at-home wife, Cecile.

The family flitted from one rented apartment to another. They never stayed in one place for long, as they would invariably be evicted for not being able to pay the rent. “I think we transferred houses every year since I was born,” Katipunan said.

The worst came in his senior year when the family was forced to stay in a garage at the taxi company that employed Katipunan’s father.


“It was an open space. It didn’t have a door, and we only had curtains for privacy. The condition was so bad, and we couldn’t get a good night’s sleep,” he said. 

It wasn’t long before the Katipunans needed to find a new place when the owner of the property decided to renovate the garage for other purposes. “We were asked to leave on my birthday,” Katipunan said.

In school, the boy scrimped on lunch to be able to afford the cost of materials for his assignments, computer shop rentals, and printouts. His father, who worked 24-hour shifts on an every-other-day basis, gave him P20 to P50 on most days, but not regularly.

“My priority was the requirements at school. If I had some money left, I’d buy a burger for P10,” Katipunan said.

Time management
 
Tuition in public schools like Batasan Hills National High School is free. Textbooks are provided by the Department of Education. Collecting money from the students for any reason is prohibited.

Katipunan belonged to a special engineering and mathematics class that has a more rigorous curriculum, including courses on calculus, advanced chemistry and research, than the one taught in regular sections. Thus, the class, consisting of about 60 students divided in two sections, used more advanced textbooks.

“I borrowed my textbooks from my neighbors or from the upperclassmen,” he said.

For all his troubles at home and school, Katipunan said he was good at managing his time, which would explain his academic performance. In his first year in high school, he ranked ninth in the class. He rose to second the following year, and fell to third the next.

“Senior year was the hardest, with all the other additional subjects, especially calculus. I studied really hard, but I had no expectations. I only wanted to pass. I really did not expect that I would become the valedictorian,” he said.

Upon the recommendation of the principal, Katipunan won a four-year scholarship grant from the Philippine Pediatric Society (PPS). He was chosen, along with five others,  for excelling in school and rising above adversity, and for showing the qualities of “a servant leader,” said Dr. Rosemarie Jean Jaucian-Poblete of the PPS.

“I think PPS is very lucky to have Charls because we believe he is really the crème de la crème among public high school students,” she said.

As a scholar, Katipunan will engage in community public school health outreach projects for PPS for the duration of his scholarship, Poblete said.

“What is unique about this scholarship is that it requires the scholars to give back to their school of origin through the outreach program,” she said. 
 
Parents role models
 
Katipunan is now an incoming freshman at Polytechnic University of the Philippines majoring in Nutrition and Dietetics.

“I want to make it my premedicine course, so I can become a doctor,” he said.

His original dream was to be an engineer or accountant, but the scholarship terms prompted him to take a science course instead.

Katipunan said his hardships as a student seldom caused him to feel sorry for himself.

“I keep an open mind. I just think of others who are in a worse situation. I think of all this as an advantage to make me stronger, rather than wallow in self-pity, considering there are people who have no place to stay and nothing to eat,” he said.

His parents are his role models. “I see how hard they work to raise us. They were never able to finish school, but they’re trying so hard to get us through school. I see myself in them, and I want to finish what they started,” he said.

“I have no clear view where I’d be 10 years from now,” Katipunan said. “What I know is I want to finish my studies, help my brothers and sisters, and buy a house so we don’t have to keep moving.”

HINDI MAYAMAN ANG OFW'sMGA KABABAYAN, MASAKIT MAN PERO ITO'Y KATOTOHANAN, Sige lang, tiis lang

Sa may asawa, kapatid, anak, kaibigan, at kamag-anak na OFW.At lalo na sa mga gustong mangibang-bansa...Nais ko rin ibahagi sa inyo, ang natanggap kong email na ito.Maaaring makatulong ito upang lalong maintindihan ng bawa't isa ang tunay na ibig sabihin ng pagiging isang OFW (Isa ako sa milyun-milyong kababayan natin). Tiyak na may mapupulot tayong aral dito.


Hindi mayaman ang OFW - We have this notion na 'pag OFW o nasa abroad ay mayaman na. Hindi totoo yun. A regular OFW might earn from P20K-P30K per month depende sa lokasyon. Yung mga taga-Saudi or US siguro ay mas malaki ang sweldo, but to say that they're rich is a fallacy (Amen!).Malaki ang pangangailangan kaya karamihan sa amin ay nag-a-abroad. Maraming bunganga ang kailangang pakainin kaya umaalis kami sa Pinas. Madalas, 3/4 o kalahati ng sweldo ay napupunta sa tuition ng anak at gastusin ng pamilya.
Mahirap maging OFW - Kailangan namin magtipid hangga't kaya. Oo, masarap ang pagkain sa abroad pero madalas na paksiw o adobo (hindi kc agad nasisira ito) at itlog lang tinitira para makaipon. Pagdating ng kinsenas o katapusan, ang unang tinitingnan eh ang conversion ng peso sa dollar o rial o euro. Mas okay na kami na lang ang magutom kaysa gutumin ang pamilya.
Kapag umuuwi kami, kailangan may baon/pasalubong kahit konti, kasi maraming kamag-anak ang sumusundo sa airport o naghihintay sa probinsya. Alam nyo naman 'pag Pinoy, yung tsismis na OFW ka eh surely attracts a lot of kin. Kapag hindi mo nabigyan ng pasalubong eh magtatampo na yun at sisiraan ka na.
Well, hindi naman lahat pero I'm sure sa mga OFW dito eh may mga pangyayaring ganun.
Magtatrabaho ka sa bansang iba ang tingin at trato sa gaya nating mga Pinoy, kahit na masipag at mas may utak tayo kaysa sa kanila. Malamang marami ang naka-experience na nang pang-gugulang o discrimination to their various workplaces. Sige lang, tiis lang, iiiyak na lang namin kasi kawawa naman pamilya 'pag umuwi kami sa pinas.
Besides, wala ka naman talagang maasahang trabaho sa Philippines ngayon. Mahal ang bigas, ang gatas, ang sardinas, ang upa sa apartment. Tiis lang kahit maraming pasaway sa trabaho, kahit may sakit at walang nag-aalaga, kahit hindi masarap ang tsibog, kahit pangit ang working conditions, kahit delikado, kahit mahirap. Kapag nakapag-padala na kami, okay na yun, tawag lang, "hello! kumusta na kayo?".
Hindi bato kaming mga OFW - Tao rin ang OFW, hindi kami money o cash machine. Napapagod rin, nalulungkot (madalas), nagkakasakit (na-endoscopy ako), nag-iisip (nakapag-adjust na) at nagugutom (palagi). Kailangan din ang suporta, kundi man physically, emotionally o spiritually (especially ito) man lang.
Tumatanda rin kaming mga OFW - Sa mga nakausap at nakita ko, marami ang panot at kalbo na. Most of them have signs and symptoms of hypertension, coronary artery disease and arthritis. Yet, they continue to work thinking about the family they left behind.
Marami ang nasa abroad, 20-30 years na, pero wala pa ring ipon. Kahit anong pagpapakahirap, sablay pa rin. Masakit pa kung olats rin ang sinusuportahang pamilya sa Pinas - ang anak adik o nabuntis/nakabuntis; ang asawa/gf/bf may kinakasamang iba; ang kapatid nakuntento na lang na umasa at tumambay. Naalala ko tuloy ang sikat na kanta dati, "NAPAKASAKIT KUYA EDDIE!"
Bayani kaming mga OFW - Totoo yun! Ngayon ko lang na-realize na bayani ang OFW sa maraming bagay. Hindi bayani na tulad ni Nora Aunor o Flor Contemplacion. Bayani in the truest sense of the word. Hindi katulad ni Rizal o Bonifacio na kalayaan ang ipinaglaban. Mas higit pa dun, mas maraming giyera at gulo ang pinapasok ng OFW para lang mabuhay.
Mas maraming pulitika ang kailangang suungin para lang tumagal sa trabaho lalo na't parang mga ahas at parang mga amag ang mga kasama sa trabaho. Mas mahaba ang pasensya namin kaysa sa mga ordinaryong kongresista o senador sa Philippines dahil sa takot namin na mawalan ng trabaho at sweldo.
Matindi kaming mga OFW - Matindi ang pinoy. Matindi pa sa daga, o cockroaches which survived the cataclysmic evolution.
Maraming sakripisyo pero walang makitang tangible solutions or consequences.
Malas naming mga OFW, swerte ng mga buwayang pulitiko - Hindi umuupo ang OFW para magbigay ng autograph o interbyuhin ng media (unless nakidnap o na-maltrato). Madalas nasa sidelines lang ang OFW.
Kapag lilisan ng bansa, malungkot and on the verge of tears; Kapag dumadating, swerte 'pag may sundo (madalas naman meron); Kapag naubos na ang ipon at wala nang maibigay, wala na rin ang kamag-anak. Sana sikat kaming mga OFW para may boses kami sa Kamara.
Ang swerte ng mga buwayang pulitiko nakaupo lang sila at ginagastusan ng pera ng Filipino. Hindi nga sila naiinitan ng matinding araw o napapaso ng langis; napagagalitan at nasasampal ng amo; kumakain ng paksiw para makatipid; nakatira sa compound with conditions less than favorable; nakikisama sa ibang lahi para mabuhay. Ang swerte ninyong mga buwayang pulitiko kayo, sobrang swerte ninyo.
Matatag kaming mga OFW - Matatag ang OFW, mas matatag pa sa sundalo o kung ano pang grupo na alam nyo. Magaling sa reverse psychology, negotiations at counter-attacks.
Tatagal ba ang OFW? - Tatagal at dadami pa kami hangga't hindi pa natin alam kung kailan magbabago ang Philippines , kailan nga kaya?... o may tsansa pa ba?
Masarap isipin na kasama mo ang pamilya mo araw-araw. Nakikita mo mga anak mong lumalaki at naaalagaan ng maayos na kasama ka.
Masarap kumain ng sitaw, ng bagoong, lechon, inihaw na isda, taba ng talangka.
Masarap manood ng pelikulang Pinoy, luma man o bago.
Iba pa rin ang pakiramdam kung kilala mo at nakakakuwenttuhan mo ang kapitbahay mo. Iba pa rin sa Philippines; iba pa rin kapag Pinoy ang kasama mo except ('pag hambog at utak-talangka); Iba pa rin 'pag nagkukwento ka at naiintindihan ng iba ang sinasabi mo; Iba pa rin ang tunog ng "mahal kita!", "day, ginahigugma tika"," "Mingaw na ko nimo ba, kalagot!", " Inday, diin ka na subong haw? ganahan guid ko simo ba".
Iba pa rin talaga.
Sige lang, tiis lang, saan ba't darating din ang pag-asa.
Kung may kamag-anak kang OFW mapalad ka at wala ka d2 sa kinalalagyan namin at anjan ka kasama mo ang mga mahal mo sa buhay.
Kung OFW ka at binabasa mo ito, mabuhay ka dahil ikaw ang tunay na
BAYANI ng Lahing PILIPINO!!!
Source : Facebook

Thursday 6 February 2014

Online Universities

My Favorite Online Universities
1. Udacity
2. Coursera
3. Edx
4. http://www.saylor.org
5. http://education-portal.com

Other resources:
1. http://www.onlineuniversity.net/
2. https://www.class-central.com/
3. www.coursebuffet.com/‎

* I recommend downloading IDM to download the video tutorials

Wednesday 22 January 2014

Practical Guide: Reviewing for College Entrance Exams

UP, ADMU, DLSU, and UST are calling.  Oh you want more than anything to respond – but there’s a hitch.  There’s the UPCAT, the ACET, the DLSUCET, and the USTET to go through.  These college entrance exams are like the proverbial eye of the needle that lets through only a few; namely, those who are well prepared to take their challenge.

Oh good, you are from a great science high school.  Then you probably have good background and should be fine during the college entrance exams.  Even with all your considerable training, however, you’d probably want to enroll in college entrance review seminars.  The human mind is a powerful thing, I grant you that, but sometimes it needs to brush up on things it had previously learned – especially when things as serious as your chances of getting into a premiere university is at stake.

Thus, be prepared (be very prepared) before you take any of your scheduled college entrance tests.
If this is your first time to prepare for an entrance test, fret not.  Here are a few guidelines to help you get started and to make the experience less of a hassle.

Reviewing Hard, Reviewing Smart
Your first order of business is to determine the specific college that you wish to attend.
Sure you are probably going to sit for as many college entrance exams as you can manage just to ensure that you’ll not run out of options.  Nevertheless, you need to have a priority list.  Rank your choices from your number one option to your last choice.

There are two reasons for this:  one, it will help you focus your efforts and your energy more on doing well on that college’s entrance exam; two, it will also determine your approach for the test.
If you’re going for review classes, it’s usually a better idea to attend the ones designed to help you ace a specific school’s exam rather than attending the more comprehensive review types.

Choosing Your Review Institution
It’s tempting to just grab the first review class that makes itself available, but flee the temptation to do so.  Ask around first.  Find out what review institutions have to offer and join the one that you think best suits your review needs.  If you prefer a smaller group or a private tutor, go for the one that provides what you want and need.

Practice Makes…
I hate to disagree with Ai Ai (you know what I mean, “since we can’t be perfect, why practice?“) but you need practice – and lots of it.

Focus on your strengths, but do allot some time to work on your weaknesses.  For example, if you tend to think that Math is a four-letter word (and it does not begin with the letter M), try practicing some mathematical computations with those who are more adept at them

Successfully completing entrance exams is a skill, and skills get better with practice.  One good way of gaining confidence early on is to challenge yourself with timed mock exams during your review classes or even when you’re “practicing” by yourself at home.  While practically all tests contain an element of time pressure, future UPCAT, ACET, DLSUCET, and USTET exam takers will find this tip particularly useful.

Besides these, you may also opt to take a refresher course to keep the lessons ingrained in your system.  There are review institutions that offer this, so again, ask around.

The Matter of the Mind
Napoleon Hill once said, “Whatever the mind of man can perceive, his body can achieve.”  Take the time to visit the exam venue long before the actual day of the exam.  Visualize each and every detail as if you’re taking the test on the big day.

Imagine yourself answering each question quickly and efficiently.  In your mind’s eye, see yourself passing the exam with flying colors.  This exercise in creative visualization can actually help you perform significantly better once it happens.

Prepare well, yet don’t let the preparations puff you up.  Always remember that great schools are highly selective, and that a lot of other people may just be as prepared as you are.  Always give it your best shot then keep your fingers crossed.

Moral Support and Divine Grace
Be sure to involve a support group in your efforts.  No one really succeeds alone.  Let your relatives and friends know what you’re doing so that they can cheer you up and on.  Their encouragement will be a big help to you.

Finally, remember to pray.  Besides the obvious benefits of doing so, prayer also calms the mind.  When your mind is at peace, the answers to the college entrance exam questions should come (subject, of course, to your actual knowledge of them, he he he).

Tuesday 21 January 2014

Multiple Choice Exam Tips and Strategies

A lot of students think that college entrance tests are doable because most of the items are multiple choice questions anyway. But they couldn’t be more wrong. Multiple choice tests are never necessarily less difficult than, say, identification or essay exams. With the right strategy, however, you can turn all those multiple choices to your advantage.

Multiple Choice Exams: An Analysis
Items of this type always have the correct answer as one of the choices, except where a ‘none of the above’ option is given. Only one option is correct, save for those extremely rare cases where two of the given choices are considered right. As you’ll see later on, knowing how to look at this kind of exam plays a part in strategies you can use for it.

Because each choice has to be taken at face value as a possible direct response to the item question, multiple choice exams very rarely ask analytical or interpretative questions, focusing more often on objective ones. There lies their difficulty: you’ll have to have a good grasp of definitions and fundamental facts for the exam. Bluffing and roundabout essays won’t work in multiple choice exams, though certain strategies can help.

To challenge students even more, many teachers and test makers often give two or more answer choices that are very similar to one another. But even when the makers create an exam to be straightforward, answer choices can also be ambiguous at times. This means your language and context must be more or less similar with that of the test designers.

Although countless combinations of individual answer choices exist, they can be grouped into three distinct kinds:
  • there are items where the choices look alike (shortened to CLA, for the purposes of this discussion). Items with CLA choices try to confuse you by giving a set of responses that are so similar in wording and appearance.
  • And then there are items where the choices are different (CAD). Although these seem to be on the other side of the spectrum from CLA, they have the exact same requirement: your knowing exactly what to answer.
  • Stand-out choices (SOC) do just that – stand out. In, say, a five-choice item, you are given four CLA choices and one that starkly stands out. Don’t be fooled! The unique choice is just as likely as the others to be incorrect.
  • Mix-and-match items have answer choices that are split up into two or more parts which are then mixed and matched between each choice. This can be confusing, and is usually used on questions referring to components and processes.

The four types are all subsumed under the multiple choice category, but there’s a specific way to strategically deal with each kind.


When Choices Look Alike

Say you were given a question and corresponding answer choices that looks like this:

Which presents stages of mitosis in the correct order?
a) Prophase – Metaphase – Interphase – Telophase
b) Prophase – Metaphase – Anaphase – Telophase
c) Prophase – Metaphase – Prometaphase – Telophase
d) Prophase – Metaphase – Cytokinesis – Telophase

This is clearly an item with a case of CLA, as all the choices are identical save for each one’s third stage. Even if you studied the terms related to mitosis, you’d still have trouble getting to the correct answer if you don’t know the exact process. Here’s how to make an educated guess in this case.


If you read about interphase, you’d know that it’s the preparatory stage of mitosis. But if it’s a preparatory step – that is, it occurs at the start – why does it appear as the third step? This eliminates A. Similarly, you’d know that cytokinesis is the very last step, and so D would get disqualified as well.


The term ‘prometaphase’ sounds like a portmanteau of prophase and metaphase, which in turn suggests that it’s a transitionary phase between prophase and metaphase. But since it appears after both prophase and metaphase in the choices, you can eliminate C as the right answer,  leaving you with B – the correct response.

Consider only the important parts where the differences are placed; in this case, you only have to look at the third step of each process. Since the rest of the text in the choices are identical anyway, they only serve as distractions in CLA items.

When Choices are Different

How would you deal with a multiple choice item that looked like this:
Based on the proposed timeline of evolution, which of the following structures are likeliest to develop first?

a) head
b) bones
c) opposable limbs
d) feet

This is a good example of a CAD item, as each choice is different from all the others. It might seem that knowing the exact answer to this question is the only way to deal with the item, but there’s actually another way to get points out of it.

You could start by analyzing for any possible relationships between any of the choices. In this case of a Biology question, for example, you could use your common sense to say that bones (or at least some rigid support structure) are a prerequisite for both opposable limbs and feet to emerge. With this, you could immediately eliminate C and D and thus give yourself a higher chance of getting the right answer.

Finding that correct answer requires a little more study on your part. Sometimes, though, the key to getting the right choice is simply finding an example that will support one answer or the other. In this case, you might want to try recalling that the development of a basic head – cephalization – occurs in groups as old as annelids, while bones emerge much, much later in evolution. This suggests that A is the correct choice.

You can rely on the uniqueness of the answer for each item to help point out a plausible answer. Once you’re able to create relationships between different, you’ll also be able to eliminate one or two choices at a time because one is subsumed under the other.

When One Item Stands Out

It cannot be stressed enough that having one answer choice distinct from the rest is never a guarantee that it’s the right one. In the following question, for example, you can’t be sure that A is the correct answer simply because it stands out.

You are in the laboratory preparing a homogeneous solution made of two different substances to a specific concentration. What would be the best course of action if you accidentally added too much solvent?

a) Add more solute
b) Add more solvent
c) Add more solute and solvent
d) Dispose of the solution and start over

To the strategy-less test taker, D is the most tempting choice because it’s the odd one out of the bunch. But if you take a few extra seconds to analyze the question and the choices, the correct answer should be fairly obvious. Since the problem is too much solvent, B and C are immediately wrong because they add even more solvent. And because adding more solute to fix the solute-solvent ratio is a valid remedy, there’s no need to resort to D.

Never settle for the odd one out just because it’s the odd one out. Use other strategies that work equally well for SOC items. When you disregard the odd one out, for example, you can use the same strategy you did for CLA. If you’re not able to get an answer that way, then chances are good that it’s really the odd choice out that’s the correct one.

When the Items are Mixed and Matched

Mix-and-match items tend to be quite confusing, not in the least because all the items are so similar to each other yet have very different meanings. Try this question, for example

Given a closed system, which pair of conditions will most likely accompany an increase in volume of the container?

a) constant pressure, constant temperature
b) constant pressure, lower temperature
c) higher pressure, lower temperature
d) lower pressure, constant temperature

As you can see, the answer choices are split into two parts: the factor (temperature or pressure) and the change in that factor (higher, lower or constant). In order to answer this question, you’ll have to know about one of the more basic equations in Chemistry: PV = nRT. That fundamental concept will guide you toward D, the correct answer.

The important thing to remember is that all of the parts of each answer must be correct in order for the choice itself to be correct. As soon as one part is erroneous, the choice itself becomes incorrect. Don’t forget to also consider situations like the example above where the parts can go hand-in-hand with each other.

Multiple Strategies for Multiple Choices

As a test-taking strategy, guessing is simply the worst way to go about answering a multiple choice exam, even when your study time was short of optimal. Strategy-based approaches are simply the best way to attack a multiple choice test and make sure that you get as high a score as possible.
  • Eliminate choices as soon as you can. Even if you end up getting left with two choices that look equally correct, you have a higher chance of getting the right answer should you resort to guessing.

  • Look at the wording, especially for answer choices that look very similar. Little changes in tense or object can alter the meaning of the statement in a big way.

  • Question absolutes. These generalizations are rarely correct because there’s often one or two exceptions to them. When you see buzzwords like always or never, be on your guard and check to determine any counter-examples.

  • Do the easy ones first. Time pressure is very real in multiple choice exams, so don’t give too much time and effort to any one item. Besides, this is futile because many exams give equal weight to both easy and difficult items.

  • Allot time for multiple runs. It’s highly unlikely that you’ll finish all of the test questions on your first go. Split the test time up such that you leave yourself some margin to go back on all those questions you skipped the first time around.

Yes, the strategies outlined above can help you boost your score in any multiple choice exam. A good score, however, always starts with sufficient study and review prior to the test. Even if you’re familiar with all the techniques above, passing will be difficult if you don’t have a grasp on basic concepts to begin with.

UPCAT Tips: What to Study

Yes, the UPCAT is supposed to measure how well you mastered your lessons in high school. That doesn’t mean, however, that you should go back and read every single shred of the notes you gathered from your freshman year. Since you’re probably dealing with your senior year academics at the same time as your UPCAT review, there’s an advantage to studying just those topics that you really need.

UPCAT Math Tips
Too many people overreact with regard to the math portion of the UPCAT. A large chunk of test takers even go through review regimens that include higher mathematics like advanced trigonometry or calculus. You could follow in their footsteps, but the edge you get from all the extra studying isn’t worth your pains.

For most of the UPCAT, all you’ll need are the more basic concepts. That includes topics like basic number theory, particularly the critical sets of numbers and their corresponding notations and properties. Basic to intermediate algebra should also be part of your review regimen, as many of the techniques involved can be used in other areas. Simply knowing how to perform certain operations can already save you a lot of trouble on the test.

Go back to your previous lessons on intermediate algebra, especially the ones that had functions. The ability to work with and manipulate different functions and equations is something that any UPCAT taker should have. At this point, your factoring skills should already have been sharpened to help make all the different procedures easier.

Some geometry is also required for the UPCAT, but restrict your review to just the basics. You’ll definitely need to know about the basic 2D and 3D shapes, as well as each of their properties. That should help you get through most of the test already.

Though it’s a considerably smaller part of the math section, practicing your trigonometry can give your UPCAT score a boost up. At the very least know the basic trigonometric values and identities so that you’re not left guessing numbers come test day. You don’t want to spend too much time here, though, as there’s not very many of these items.


UPCAT Science Tips

 Unfortunately, a good number of parents also tend to overreact when it comes to this part of the test. No, you don’t have to study all the way up to subatomic physics and genetics to ace the UPCAT. Countless test takers have gotten through knowing much less.

In Biology, you’ll need to know all about classification, evolution, biological interactions and a little Anatomy. There’s little point in going any deeper to topics like biomolecules and heredity; even if those lessons are covered in the UPCAT, you’ll have to study so much to gain so few points.

Chemistry is also part of the UPCAT but, like the rest of it, there’s no need for you to go overboard with your review. Stoichiometry, the atomic model, basic chemical interactions (including neutralization and combustion), thermochemistry and a little organic chemistry can pull you through the UPCAT. Once you finish with the properties of the periodic table, it’s time for you to stop reviewing Chemistry and start doing something else.

Test takers will tell you that, although it’s still a part of the test, Physics doesn’t seem to be so big a component. As long as you know how to work with waves, forces and the kinematic equations, you’ll do fine on the UPCAT. Most of the Physics questions in the test have to do with objects in motion, though you’ll see an odd optics or thermodynamics question here and there.


UPCAT Language Proficiency

 Here’s where reviewing can get a little iffy. Unlike with the sciences or Math where you have to master concepts, the Language Proficiency part requires you to have skills. When you have to do things like critical reading and abstraction, that’s a very big difference. No clear-cut routine is suggested for Language Proficiency, but that doesn’t mean you can review without any structure.

Practice your reading comprehension, particularly looking for and understanding context clues. This’ll make a large chunk of the exam easier for you, and will serve as a backup plan when you encounter vocabulary words you’ve never seen. Critical reading is also a must; learn to spot cause-and-effect pairings as well as critical events and key characters.

Speed reading isn’t really a very crucial skill to passing the UPCAT, but it has a definite plus. There’s a lot of reading to be done in the test, many of them involving big blocks of text. Knowing how to skim and speed read can save you a lot of time and give you larger leeway to carefully think about your answers or review.

Vocabulary is one part of the UPCAT that many find difficult, not in the least because of the quality of English education in the country. One thing you should never do is to just memorize every single word with a corresponding definition. Instead, find words from an UPCAT reviewer, identify their definitions yourself and then use them in conversation. You’ll have better recall that way, especially if you do it in batches of 5 or 10.


Where to Get Review Materials
 For private and science high schools, most of the topics in the UPCAT will have been covered by late third or early fourth year. Hopefully, you still have your old notes and handouts with you so that you could go back over them. They’re a great resource for UPCAT review because they’re often already summarized for easier studying. Otherwise, you may want to look into your old books or consult your previous teachers.


When reviewing for the UPCAT, don’t make the mistake of memorizing raw facts and examples – they’ll be of little help to you. What you should study are the concepts and the ideas involved so that you can adapt your thinking to any question that comes your way.  Enrolling in a good UPCAT review center should help you a lot in organizing the things you have to study for the UPCAT exam.  To see tips on how to choose a good UPCAT review center, click here.

There’s really nothing too special or hard about preparing for the UPCAT. If anything, the process is only made difficult by the sheer volume of material you have to study. By trimming down your review topics and studying only the lessons that you have to, you should be able to pass the UPCAT – and do many more things besides.

Free UPCAT Reviewers: Modules and Readings

This is a compilation of Free Readings and Modules for the UPCAT Review.  If you want tips about the UPCAt or if you have any other questions about the UPCAT not related to the review, you can refer to this article:  Ultimate Guide to the UPCAT. If you find the free UPCAT Reviewers and the tips on our site useful, please feel free to share our website with your friends.^^  Please also “like” our Facebook Fanpage to take part in the discussions there and to be updated about the latest news and tips about the UPCAT.^^


Science Modules           Science Readings

Science Module 1             Science Readings 1
Science Module 2             Science Readings 2
Science Module 3             Science Readings 3
Science Module 4             Science Readings 4

Math Modules                 Math Readings

Math Module 1                  Math Readings 1
Math Module 2                  Math Readings 2
Math Module 3                  Math Readings 3
Math Module 4                  Math Readings 4

English Modules           English Readings

English Module 1             English Readings 1
English Module 2             English Readings 2
English Module 3             English Readings 3
English Module 4             English Readings 4

Solution Sets and Answer Keys for Quizzes
Solution Sets

UPCAT English Portion Tips and Strategies

If it’s one thing I’m grateful to my parents for, it’s the fact that they instilled the love of reading in me when I was just a little kid.  Little did I know that that would serve me in good stead, especially when I faced entrance exams like the University of the Philippines’ College Admissions Test (UPCAT).
Not everyone may be able to breeze through the English and Reading Comprehension portions of the said exam, though.  If you need help with regard to those sections, then read on.


Tips and Strategies

The content for the English and the Reading Comprehension sections is pretty straightforward.  You’ll likely face questions that will have you completing unfinished sentences, arranging mixed-up things in chronological order and correcting grammatical errors.  Be sure to mind those tricky tenses, spelling, punctuation and subject-verb agreement thingies, too.

Attacking these sections is a bit of a balancing act.  The time pressure involved makes it necessary to read through the text as quickly as you can without compromising your understanding of it.  Fortunately, there are ways to prepare for this. (more on those below).

Oh, and remember to read the instructions very well (this holds true for any section, actually).  If you understand what the question is asking for but you don’t follow the test instructions to the letter, you’re in trouble.


Great Test Takers are Great Readers

Arguably, the best way to prepare for these portions of the UPCAT is to be a voracious reader well before the test itself.  Read all the books, magazines and other publications (in both English and Tagalog) that you can get your hands on, and then after you’re done with them, read some more.
Another thing my parents taught me was to look up at least one new word in the dictionary every day.  It’s a great way to build up your vocabulary if you do it faithfully.  A word a day translates into three hundred sixty-five new words after a year.

A technique I learned from my mentors involves reading aloud.  Besides exercising your vocal chords, but there’s something about reading aloud that exercises your mind as well.  The processing and the comprehension involved seem faster and more efficient.  Try this and see.

A Final Word
If, after doing all these, you still need extra special help in polishing your English skills, there are plenty of resources available out there.

For instance, you may wish to invest in speed reading and other English classes, such as the ones being offered by the likes of Wilma Cruz Tapalla.  Feel free to check out the links here for some possible leads here.

This may seem like a no-brainer, but one of the best resources you can visit is Merriam-Webster’s site.  Besides having a handy dictionary and thesaurus, the site also offers word games and other resources that can help you keep your English skills razor sharp.

Above all, don’t forget to pray as you prepare.  By the time that UPCAT rolls around, you’d have gotten enough practice to tackle the English and Reading Comprehension sections in your sleep.

UPCAT Science Portion Tips and Strategies

While not as annoying as mathematics, science also gave me a challenging time during my school days.  Some of my teachers helped me grasp the method behind the “madness” (read: the scientific discipline), while other teachers drove me to madness, period.

Science comprises a major portion of the University of the Philippines’ College Admissions Test (UPCAT).  If you’d like to study the science behind passing the UPCAT, then read on.


What to Expect

As with the math portion of the UPCAT, the science portion contains stuff you should already be familiar with.  Questions usually cover general science, biology, physics, chemistry and Earth science as well.

For example, you may be pressed for the different parts of the cell and their corresponding functions.  The test may also ask you to solve for the amount of voltage or current in a particular situation, or it may ask you to describe what happens to an object that is in motion under certain circumstances.
Be careful, though:  it may be terribly tempting to take the science portion for granted just because it doesn’t involve nearly as much computation as the mathematics section, so don’t let your guard down.

Strategy and Ba’s Dimensional Analysis
Follow the same general strategy that you do for other sections:  pray beforehand, attack the easy questions first, go for the harder ones next.  Budget your time, and be mindful of the fact that a fourth of a point will be deducted from your score if you answer incorrectly.

One blogger by the name of ba offered a helpful suggestion in the form of the “dimensional analysis method”—a rather fancy term for the process of elimination.  The trick to science questions, ba contends, is to simply compare the answers you get from your own calculations with the options provided for multiple choice questions.

From there, just find the choice (rounded down or rounded up) closest to your computed answer and eliminate the rest.  Exercise caution, as sometimes the question will include certain irrelevant bits of information just to confuse you.


Resource Links

If you’re looking for more UPCAT help, try asking around forums like http://www.peyups.com or http://www.pinoyexchange.com.  Most forum members will only be too happy to answer your questions, especially if they’ve been through the UPCAT already.

You can also get some good responses on http://answers.yahoo.com as well.  Blogs, such as those written by folks like Dine Racona (http://dine.racoma.com.ph/school/tips-for-upcat-takers-acet-too/), can also provide plenty of good feedback regarding entrance exams.  Be sure to check out the reader responses, too—you may be surprised at the amount of insight that readers can offer there.

If you’re scouting around for review sessions, traditional word-of-mouth or sites like Sulit (http://www.sulit.com.ph) or OLX (http://www.olx.com.ph/) can help you find what you’re looking for.  Just do a quick search for “UPCAT review” and you’ll come up with a gazillion possibilities.

In closing, remember that the UPCAT ultimately draws from your stock knowledge, so start stocking up on relevant information during your high school years.  Once the UPCAT season rolls around, you’ll be glad you did.

UPCAT Math Portion Tips and Strategies

As a student, there was one four-letter I particularly disliked:  M-A-T-H.  I preferred to work with words and ideas, rather than cold, hard numbers and logic.  You can imagine what it must’ve been like for me during entrance exams.

Like it or not, you’ll need to deal with mathematics anyway when it comes to the University of the Philippines’ College Admissions Test (UPCAT).  It may look like a formidable challenge, but fear not.  There are strategies that you can employ to help you not only pass, but pass well.

Tips and Strategies

Expect a lot of stuff drawn from your high school math classes:  algebra, geometry, trigonometry and what not.  You may come across questions on ratio and proportion, polynomial factoring and length calculation.  For example, you may be asked to calculate the length of a side of a triangle given the lengths of the other two sides.

Make sure to bring a watch with you, too.  While this is not the “unfinishable” ACET, you will still have to deal with a fair amount of time pressure.  In your mind, divide the math portion into four-phases:  the easy questions phase, the hard questions phase, the “absolutely clueless” questions phase and the review phase.

Budget your time and answer questions in that ascending order of difficulty.  That way, you’ll get build up points as well as much-needed morale early on for the harder questions down the road.

To Skip or not to Skip

The UPCAT reportedly employs a scoring system wherein twenty-five percent of your wrong answers are subtracted from your right answers.  Opinions vary regarding the best way to handle this.  Some say it’s better to take an educated guess; others say that it’s better to just skip the tricky questions.

Unfortunately, this is an arbitrary matter, and the best course of action will depend on who you are, where you are at that moment and how you’re doing.  That’s why I make it a point to pray for wisdom and guidance before exams.  You may wish to do the same thing.

Miscellaneous Stuff

If you’ve been keeping your math skills up to snuff since your freshman high school year, you should be well equipped to deal with the UPCAT math section.  If not, start preparing as soon as you can.  Look for a tutor, a review book, study group or review center that can help you.  Chances are you’ll learn better when you’re in the company of others with similar goals, so seek those edifying people out.


To help you get started, here are a few resources you can check out.  Conrad Miguel has some good tips and strategies on taking multiple choice exams on this site:  http://conradmiguel.com/tips-on-taking-multiple-choice-standardized-exams


For a general review on math, you may also want to practice with available online reviewers such as these:
http://www.sosmath.com/
http://www.thatquiz.org/
http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/GRE/pdf/GREmathPractice.pdf

There is also a wealth of practice exam booklets available in National Bookstore and other places of learning.  With these and other tools at your disposal, the math portion of the UPCAT can be whittled down to something that’s a lot more manageable than it initially appears to be.

College Entrance Exams: General Math Coverage

To an applicant going through a lot of stress, math sections of college entrance tests may appear as odd assortments of numbers, problems and headaches.  Fortunately, there is an inherent pattern to it—a method to the “madness,” if you will.
Since the tests almost always draw from general high school math, here’s a listing of some topics and subtopics you can expect to see on most exams.
Algebra
  • polynomial factoring
  • ratio and proportion
  • word problems
  • simplifying algebraic expressions
  • matrices
  • linear equations
  • graphs and lines
  • rational expressions
  • exponents and roots
  • factoring
  • polynomials
  • squares
  • quadratic equations
  • inequalities
  • negative numbers
Geometry
  • dimension calculation (length, area, etc.)
  • Euclidean geometry
  • non-Euclidean geometry
  • angles
  • proof and logic questions
  • circumference, diameter, area, etc.
  • word problems
Trigonometry
  • trigonometric functions (sin, cosin, tan and inverse)
  • identities
  • laws
  • word problems
Arithmetic
  • MDAS = multiplication, division, addition, subtraction
  • Integers
  • fractions
  • percents
  • decimals
  • real numbers
  • values
  • algebraic principles
  • word problems
Others
  • statistics
  • sets
  • sequences/series (Fibonacci, et al)
  • probability = combinations and permutations
  • probability
  • logic
  • diagrams
  • lines, points, infinities

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College Entrance Exams: General English Coverage

In anime and manga, a nosebleed refers to a male character’s manly interest in an attractive female character.  In college entrance tests, though, a nosebleed is a sure sign that one is struggling with the English section of the exam.
Fortunately, the old cliché “to be forewarned is to be forearmed” still holds true today.  To get a better idea of what to expect (and consequently, what to prepare for) as far as college entrance exam English grammar and reading are concerned, please consult the following list:
Vocabulary
  • word meanings
  • homonyms, synonyms and antonyms
  • words that people commonly confuse
Grammar and Composition
  • punctuation
  • capitalization
  • modifiers
  • sentence construction
  • sentence correction
  • spelling
  • parts and figures of speech
  • analogies:  similes and metaphors
  • phrases and clauses
  • voices (active and passive)
  • essay writing (may not applicable for all college entrance exams)
Reading and Comprehension
  • poetry
  • essays
  • articles
  • short stories
  • mythology and fables
  • speeches
  • local and international literature
  • famous authors
  • literary/textual criticism:  plot, themes, style, summaries, etc.
  • inference

College Entrance Exams: General Science Coverage

Like the math portions of college entrance exams, the science portions also have a kind of pattern to them.  The tests draw from certain major branches of science, each with their respective sub-branches.
If you’d like a listing of the kind of high school science subject matter you’ll see on nearly every college entrance test out there, then look no further.  Here it is:
Biology
  • Classification/Taxonomy
  • Plants and photosynthesis
  • Bacteria
  • Cell biology
  • Animal biology
  • Heredity and genetics
  • Human biology and anatomy
Chemistry
  • The Periodic Table
  • Mixtures and compounds
  • Chemical reactions and solutions
  • Diagrams
  • Minerals and nucleotides
  • States of matter
  • Measurement

Earth Science
  • Rocks and minerals
  • The Earth’s interior
  • Bodies of water
  • The ecosystem
  • Fossils
  • Plate tectonics
  • Weather, climate, atmosphere
  • Volcanoes and earthquakes

Physics
  • Laws of Motion
  • Force
  • Light, sound and waves
  • Matter and energy
  • Magnetism and electricity
  • Measurement

Astronomy
  • Planets of the solar system
  • Other heavenly bodies: stars, asteroids, comets, black holes, etc.
  • Moon cycles
  • Lunar and solar eclipses
  • Galaxies and the universe
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Points to Ponder: Tips on How to Pass College Exams (Academic Clinic)

Reviewing for exams can be really tedious and will require a lot of effort. I myself experienced this. You can’t review for an exam if you don’t know how to start in the first place. That’s what this article is for —to give you insights of what to do and how to go on about it.  Here is a list of all the topics that you should focus on:

Language Proficiency
-Parts of speech
-Punctuation
-Capitalization
-Modifiers
-Figures of speech
-Phrases and clauses
-Identifying errors
-Sentence arrangement
-Sentence completion
-Choosing the best sentence
-Commonly misspelled words
-Vocabulary (synonyms and Antonyms)

Reading Comprehension
-Articles
-Poems
-Short stories
-Comics
-Fables
-Speeches
-Diagrams
-Graphs and charts
-Stories in dialogue form.
-Interpreting plot, themes, data, style, inference, mood, vocabulary, etc.

Science
 -General Science(Rocks and minerals, earth’s interior, ecosystem, plate tectonics, volcanoes and earthquakes, planets, heavenly bodies, moon cycles, eclipses galaxies and the universe),
 -Biology (Classification & Taxonomy, plants, cells, genetics, cell biology, anatomy),
 -Chemistry (Periodic table, mixtures and compounds, stoichiometry, chemical reactions and solutions, diagrams, minerals and nucleotides, states of matter, measurement),
 -Physics (Laws of motion, force, light, sound, waves, matter, energy, magnetism, electricity, measurement)

Mathematics
-Algebra (Word problems, radicals, fractions, complex numbers, sets and arithmetic, systems and quadratic equations, sequences and series, exponents, signed numbers, factoring and special products)
-Geometry (Reasoning and common sense, postulates and theorem, solids, volumes, circles and spheres, angles),
-Statistics (Sets of complex numbers, interpreting data of graphs/charts, probability, concepts of regression and correlation, counting, permutation, combination)
-Arithmetic (MDAS, integers, fractions, percents, decimals, real numbers, values, series, sequences.

Abstract Reasoning
-Relationships between verbal and non-verbal ideas
-Forming theories about the nature of objects
-Ideas/recognizing patters

Logical Reasoning
-Investigative
-Deduction
-Induction
-Precondition.

How to Conquer Entrance Exams

•First thing that you should do is to prepare early. It would be very beneficial for your sake if you know what to study.   That way, you’d be able to figure out where you’re weak at and what to do about it. Take practice tests and set a time limit so that you’d get accustomed to what it feels like being under extreme time-pressure. Practice makes perfect, after all.

•Make sure you understand what the question is asking. If you are penalized for a mistake and can’t seem to eliminate one or two of the choices, leave it blank. Continuous guessing will hurt your scores.

•Use your common sense and answer smoothly. If you are having a hard time answering a particular question, you might as well skip it first and answer it later if you still have time. Mark the question so that you can come back if you’ll have time to spare.

•Keep a positive attitude. Do not let the thoughts about failing let you down. Keep that attitude during your review until the exam itself. Do not even think of faltering. Think about it. Many were able to make their dreams come true. So can you, right?

•Avoid cramming. This will only cause you to be in “Panic” mode and besides, forcibly remembering information at the last minute is both fruitless and fallacious.

•Get sufficient rest during your review and the night before your exam. Do not be tempted to drink coffee or anything that has caffeine Restlessness will cause you to be in a bad mood and not be at your best during your exam. Trust me, I’ve experienced it myself.

•Eat a well-balanced diet. Brain foods such as peanuts, vegetables, fish, whole grains, and chocolate will energize and alleviate you. You don’t want to review or take an exam with an empty and grumbling stomach, do you?

•Do your best to gain confidence and just relax. I know it’s hard to do, but if you can sit down in the room without being jumpy and jittery, you’re more likely to score better.

•Pray fervently. Always ask for His guidance. I believe that He won’t let you down if you just keep faith and draw strength from him. He is the reason you have the courage and willingness to go far.
Whatever the outcome may be, always remember that God has better plans.


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